Cleo Manago is despised by some in the LGBTQ community. Descriptors like “homo demagogue,” contrarian, separatist, and anti-white are just a few that can be expressed in polite company.
But to a nationwide community of same-gender loving (SGL), bisexual, transgender and progressive heterosexual African American men, Manago is the MAN!, seen as a visionary, game changer and “social architect” focusing on advocating for and healing a group of men that continues to be maligned and marginalized—brothers.
“Without an understanding of the deep hurt that Black men have around issues of masculinity and their role as a man, you can’t hope to eliminate anti-homosexual sentiment in Black men. There has been no national project to address the psychic damage that White supremacy has done to Black men. But there is always some predominantly White institution waiting, ready to pounce on a Black man for behaving badly,” Manago wrote in his recent article “Getting at the Root of Black “Homophobic” Speech” in which he castigates GLAAD for demanding that CNN fire Roland Martin for misconstrued homophobic tweets.
Unapologetically Afrocentric in his approach in addressing social, mental, and health issues plaguing communities of black men, Manago has created a national study on black men and has built two organizations that for more than two decades have had national recognition and have successfully secured millions of dollars in funding—Critical Thinking and Cultural Affirmation Study, AmASSI Centers for Wellness and Culture, and Black Men’s Xchange.
Manago’s study, called “Critical Thinking and Cultural Affirmation” (CTCA), is a culturally informed preventive health strategy that addresses positive mental, sexual, and community health, encouraging self-actualization, cultural empowerment, and responsibility. CTCA has been in practice since 2002.
As the founder and CEO of AmASSI Health and Cultural Center, Manago was one of the first innovators in the AIDS movement to provide HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention services utilizing a psychosocial, mental health model that was culturally specific to the African American identity. AmASSI has been in practice since 1989.
Manago is the national organizer and founder of Black Men’s Xchange (BMX), the oldest and largest community-based movement devoted to promoting healthy self-concept and behavior, cultural affirmation, and critical consciousness among SGL, bisexual, transgender males, and allies, with chapters in Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, Sacramento, Orange County, Detroit, Denver, Atlanta, Minneapolis, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Black Men’s Xchange has been funded by the Center for Disease Control’s Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative program. And the CDC positions BMX alongside other legacy community black organization such as the NAACP, the Urban League, the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, and American Urban Radio Networks. BMX has been in practice since 1989.
A native of South Central Los Angeles, Manago began a vocation in social services at the age of 16. While many would call him a social activist, he does not like the term “activist” applied to him because he considers black LGBTQ activism tethered to mainstream white privilege, ideology, and single-focused gay organizations that is culturally dissonant and limited in scope to be meaningful and beneficial to not only African American LGBTQ communities but also to the larger black community.
To many in Manago’s community and beyond, he’s an unsung hero greatly misunderstood and intentionally marginalized by LGBTQ powerbrokers.
One factor, Manago would contest, contributing to his marginalization was the debacle between him and Keith Boykin during the 10th anniversary of the Million Man March.
In commemorating the 10th anniversary of the Million Man March, the Nation of Islam decidedly chose one LGBTQ organization over another. And that decision highlights much of the political, class, and ideological differences in the African-American LGBTQ community at large.
Keith Boykin—the founder and then president of the National Black Justice Coalition (NBJC), an African-American LGBTQ civil rights organization of which I was then a board member—was dropped from the event. But Cleo Manago was not.
Both men had much to bring to the 2005 Millions More March, but Manago mirrored the fundamental sentiment of Farrakhan’s theology—a conscious separation from the dominant white heterosexual and queer cultures—and he spoke at the historic 1995 Million Man March.
In his open letter, Manago wrote in 2005: “BMX knows the Nation of Islam (NOI). It’s an independent black organization not funded by the HRC or any white folks. The NOI does not, nor does it have to succumb to White gay press laden, black homosexual coercives who want to ram a white constructed gay-identity political agenda—that even most Black homosexuals reject—down their throats. Over the years, several members of the Nation of Islam have been to BMX. As some of you may know, almost 10 years ago BMX co-sponsored a very successful transformative debate on Homosexuality in the Black community with the Nation in L.A.”
As a queer separatist organization, many LGBTQ African-Americans applaud BMX for being unabashedly queer and unapologetically black. But the terms “queer” and “gay” are not descriptors Manago and his organization would use to depict themselves. That would be “same-gender-loving” because terms like “gay” and “queer” uphold a white queer hegemony that Manago and many in the African-American LGBTQ community denounce. As a matter-of-fact, he is credited with coining the terms “men who have sex with men” (MSM) and “same-gender-loving” (SGL).
To some in the LGBTQ community Manago is a dangerous demagogue. But to tens of thousands African American brothers and generous funders he’s seen as a brother driven with a dream. And he’s perhaps dangerous because he’s effecting change.




7 Comments


While I understand where he’s coming from and can even applaud his courage to some degree, I do not think that his organization and ideals will help black gay men and women or LGBTQs in general in the long run. That us versus them mentality has always been damaging, especially when the ones it is aimed at aren’t even the ones we should be fighting against.
What really rubs me the wrong way is that some stuff he writes more specifically how he words it, sounds borderline racist. My hopefully soon-to-be husband was accused of racism once (yeah, a white gay racist dating a black guy, imagine that) for something much more tame in comparison. Am I supposed to feel ashamed now that I date a white guy and support his “white constructed gay-identity political agenda” and his activism? Did I somehow betray my people by moving in with my boyfriend of then 5 years and leaving the “brotherhood” behind me? No matter how good his intentions may be, his general behavior always reminds me of that tired alpha-male stereotype of a brave, strong man going against the flow because that’s what men do, being contrary for the sake of being contrary. Who cares who funds the reelection of the politicians that preserve and broaden our civil rights (both black and LGBTQ), who cares about THEIR skin color so long as they are on our side? Both gay people and black people are a minority, we can’t exactly afford to be picky about our allies and step on toes left, right and center. There were white people in the crowd and marching when Martin Luther King spoke, white people fought in the civil war. While we’ve gone a long way in ending discrimination against black people we still have miles to go, support of white people was necessary back then (no matter how grudgingly given) and we’re going to need it in the future. Likewise for LGBTQ issues. The conservatives of today are already trying to divide and conquer with their white gay vs. black gay rhetoric, Mr. Manago is just handing them ammunition. America has always been a melting pot of cultures, not a patchwork. Try as he might, that unique “blackness” that he is trying to protect will change. All walls have holes, even cultural ones.
I’ve learned that I can be happy without living up to everyone’s expectations of how I should act. My father accepted me because he knew that he would lose me if he tried to make me into something I’m not. He realized that he was alienating me and made amends before the damage was irreversible.
Let’s hope that Mr. Manago has a similar moment of enlightenment. I can respect him as a person, but I can’t accept what he stands for.
I have to disagree with Dr. Monroe – for the first time ever – on this one. I believe in a respect for different cultures, but the idea of separation stinks of supremacy. I have never been a fan of Manago and I don’t see how he is causing any positive change.
I suppose separatism has its uses, especially during times of healing. Many lesbian communities certainly were separatist into the 1980s to help deal with the double whammy of homophobia and misogyny in the dominant culture. But ultimately people have to mix if they’re ever going to influence for the better the mainline culture that they’ve separated from.
I think this guy is my new hero. Finally some one standing up for black men in the face of an unrelenting onslaught of hostility from the mainstream gay community.
Its about time that there was somone out there calling out the BS! When faced with a “community” that every turn tells you that you are not wanted and have fundamentally less value as a person because of your race…a rational person will get a clue, move on an stop trying to fit in where they are not wanted. Its been clear that the white LGBT only sees POCs and blacks in particular as props in their own quest for mainstream acceptablity. Props that they’ll gladly kick in the teeth and push out the bus at the earliest opportunity. I agree with Mr. Mango that its time that we go our own way.
I want to personally thank Dr. Monroe for this one.
Conservatives, much as I loathe them, don’t have to work that hard. The white part of the community has already done that pretty well. Mr. Mango is just dealing with the reality of the situation in an honest way.
As an Asian-American lesbian, I absolutely agree with Mr. Manago’s critiques of the mainstream queer community as being not only totally dominated by white interests but also substantially more racist than Western society at large.
As a trans lesbian of color, as a social activist, and as a cognitive scientist, I understand that achieving equal rights for all queer people requires social transformation as well as political action, and achieving that social transformation will require both efforts which are cross-cultural and efforts which are specific to a particular culture or subculture. White people often fail to comprehend the need for culture-specific methods because they enjoy the privilege of always having their culture catered to by default.
Creating culture-specific organizations within the broad aegis of the equal rights movement is in no way “anti-white” or divisive. Rather, it is a long overdue recognition that the queer community is bigger than just white people and that engaging non-white cultures often requires different organizations with different tactics and strategies.
Laurel, I do agree with you on the utility of separatism and in a couple of online discussions I’ve agreed with Manago in the way that he poses the issue.
Personally, though, I’m with Alvin…the notion of being “down” with one community at the expense of another (and lets’ leave aside the various “communities” I am a member of) is simply a losing proposition…I simply find the notion way too provincial for my taste.