UPDATE: It looks like Psychology Today felt the heat sometime after my post because the article is now inaccessible. A lot of people must have written the editor.

Satoshi Kanazawa, an evolutionary psychologist, wrote a completely sick column over at Psychology Today’s “The Scientific Fundamentalist” called “Why Are Black Women Rated Less Physically Attractive Than Other Women?”
Add Health measures the physical attractiveness of its respondents both objectively and subjectively. At the end of each interview, the interviewer rates the physical attractiveness of the respondent objectively on the following five-point scale: 1 = very unattractive, 2 = unattractive, 3 = about average, 4 = attractive, 5 = very attractive. The physical attractiveness of each Add Health respondent is measured three times by three different interviewers over seven years.Recall that women on average are more physically attractive than men. So women of all races are on average more physically attractive than the “average” Add Health respondent, except for black women. As the following graph shows, black women are statistically no different from the “average” Add Health respondent, and far less attractive than white, Asian, and Native American women.
As I hold back my temper thinking as a woman, I already have cultural pressures to be something other than what I am in terms of a beauty standard, but I cannot believe this complete failure of an attempt to scientfically prove I’m less attractive than a white woman (assuming the same general characteristics).
What is absurd about the premise is what is he basing it on? “Black” women run the gamut of able to pass for white, to dark-skinned afro-centric features. We have dead straight blonde hair to ultra-nappy fros. Who participated and what did they look like? Who knows, that information isn’t there.
Any “scientific analysis” is fool’s gold without any context to historical sociological or ethnographic impact on majority and minority populations in regards to notions of physical attractiveness. Yet Kanazawa is trying so hard to make it work that you get the feeling that he gave himself a migraine.
The fact that Kanazawa poses his thesis as a question is also the tip of the hand — he has his stats, but this tells him nothing - he can’t truly discern as a reason for this alleged branding of black woman as inferior physical specimens of beauty.
And this sounds like something out of the junk science we see against gays. I sh*t you not:
There are many biological and genetic differences between the races. However, such race differences usually exist in equal measure for both men and women. For example, because they have existed much longer in human evolutionary history, Africans have more mutations in their genomes than other races. And the mutation loads significantly decrease physical attractiveness (because physical attractiveness is a measure of genetic and developmental health). But since both black women and black men have higher mutation loads, it cannot explain why only black women are less physically attractive, while black men are, if anything, more attractive.The only thing I can think of that might potentially explain the lower average level of physical attractiveness among black women is testosterone. Africans on average have higher levels of testosterone than other races, and testosterone, being an androgen (male hormone), affects the physical attractiveness of men and women differently. Men with higher levels of testosterone have more masculine features and are therefore more physically attractive. In contrast, women with higher levels of testosterone also have more masculine features and are therefore less physically attractive. The race differences in the level of testosterone can therefore potentially explain why black women are less physically attractive than women of other races, while (net of intelligence) black men are more physically attractive than men of other races.
While my blood boils, you can leave your comments.



45 Comments



Urk.Attractive to whom?
Why do I suspect that any “study” that gets analyzed by its creator in these terms probably was skewed toward people who would be predisposed to find black people unattractive by any measure. (Scary isn’t sexy, one supposes.)
How were the women presented? White centerfolds vs. black women chosen at random (via internet download, no doubt)
And please, “mutation loads?” There’s a load of something there, all right.
As though the various mutations that change everything other than skin color are somehow more “loaded” than the various mutations that take someone from a theoretical baseline to, say, Swedish.
Africans have not existed much longer in human history than Scandinavians. It is just that the specific characteristics (skin color) that this guy uses to designate someone as African haven’t changed, while the unique mutations that let him call someone white are more recent. We all have the same set of long ago ancestors.
This is like two cousins arguing over who gets to claim their grandparents.
The measurements that the scientist are usingare really what I would call “hollywood” standards of beauty and the factors are all based on symmetry and a particular ratios/geometry used to measure “beauty”. Just google “the mathematics of beauty” and you will find a lot of information on it. One particular study from Brown University is here: http://www.brown.edu/Departmen…
If this is what Mr. Kanazawa was using, it’s a geometry that is based upon specific ratios and symmetry.
What is really interesting though is that this kind of typing is not the standard that the African community uses for its own standard of beauty as those in that community had a widely different viewpoint from his.
The difficult thing I find hard to believe is that men meet this artificial standard more often than women. I have seen a lot of men in my life and about 1 out of a thousand is Hollywood material (and that’s raw material).
What exactly is “black”?Especially if we are using an American standard where the one-drop rule is in effect?
And if he did this testing in Brazil then…what?
LOL, so trueBrazil is perfect example in which nearly ALL of its populace have Black granddaddies and grandmas, as well a Amerindian ancestors. Plenty of folks “percived” as White in Brazil or else where in Latin America are mongrels. Never underestimate miscegenation that took place in that part of the world. Skin complextion don't mean a damn thing about your ancestry. Much of the population Brazil, including the elite, including those blonde, blue eyed, fair skin Brazilians, would all fall victim to the One-Drop rule.Even in countries like Venezuela and Colombia, where the majority are of the European/Indian mixture, have sizeable Black/Mulatto populations. Having just one Black ancestor means you're marked for life by American standards of race.
This makes no sense.There are multiple Black populations with rather distant genetic relationships to each other (example: native Australian populations with some native South American populations) – much moreso than a number of African populations’ genetic relationships with European populations. This means that his conflation of “black” with “African” alone pretty much invalidates his argument; any rational partitioning of Homo Sapiens Sapiens can’t be by skin color.
However, even ignoring his being racist, this still makes no sense: For example, because they have existed much longer in human evolutionary history, Africans have more mutations in their genomes than other races.
In general, African populations’ ancestors have lived in Africa for a longer period in human history than non-African populations. This does not mean that they are older or younger than any other human population; it’s just that their ancestors didn’t leave the continent (or they returned). Indeed, there must be a single common ancestor to all presently living humans – which means that all human populations are the same number of years apart from either of that ancestor’s parents.
What Africans do have is a lot of genetic diversity – this is because a relatively small set of African populations settled the rest of the world.
It seems that this author is quite the fraud – an “evolutionary psychologist” that gets basic genetics completely wrong?
A few seconds of digging on Wikipedia shows that he’s a complete fraud. He has substantive problems with statistics http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~… ; he mixes up coorelation with causality repeatedly, and he’s called for genocide http://www.psychologytoday.com… would have ordered the US military forces to drop 35 nuclear bombs throughout the Middle East, killing all of our actual and potential enemy combatants, and their wives and children.
…and that’s ignoring the blatantly racist material: http://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/evolut…
Kanazawa (2007) offers an explanation for the variation across countries of average intelligence. It is based on the idea that human intelligence is a domain specific adaptation and that both temperature and the distance from some putative point of origin are proxies for the degree of novelty that humans in a country have experienced. However, the argument ignores many other considerations and is a priori weak and the data used questionable. A particular problem is that in calculating distances between countries it implicitly assumes that the earth is flat.
Yeah… he’s a flat-Earther – or at least he uses the assumption of a flat Earth to bolster his racist arguments.
Minor noteI’d call the suggestion of genocide against the Middle East “Blatantly Racist”, too.
and from what I hear, those “white” Braziliansdon’t deny their “black” heritage (for the most part).
and I really don’t mean to use scare quotes around those terms to “scare” but I am well aware of the fact that the notion of what is “white” or “black” is very arbitrary.
For the most part,,,,,It seems that as the years go by, many Brazilians are becoming less afraid to identify as Black or mixed-race. However, there is an inconsistency about how many actually DO have Black ancestry. There many factors to this, such as economic and social status. Many Brazilians of mixed ancestry will idenitfy as “White” while many Afro Brazilians who aren't poor or are middle class will claim they're “mixed raced”. It doesn't help that a term like “Negro” usually, depending on its context, refers to someone with really dark skin, with ancestry really having no barring. Unfortunately, Brazil is one of the countries where the racial disparities are noted, especially when many Afro-Brazilians are at the bottom, including Amerindians, of the social ladder.Spain and Portugal had the caste system which placed Black slaves and Amerindians at the bottom. Mixed race individuals were viewed as “White” or “passing”. In this day and age, it becomes problematic just because by American standards of race, all Brazilians are “Black.” But who's “Blacker”? A fair-skinned, blue eyed, blonde hair Brazilian whose granddady was one of the last groups of slaves to be brought over there or a Brazilian Mulatto whose ancestry goes toward the being of the North Atlatnic Slave Trade, some 400 years ago? Oh, there's being some controversial issue over Affirmative Action in Brazil because of this? Whose Black?
Damn, I wish the Blend Spell CheckerI meant to write the following like this: “But who's “Blacker”? A fair-skinned, blue eyed, blonde hair Brazilian whose granddady was one of the last groups of slaves to be brought over there or a Brazilian Mulatto whose ancestry goes to the the beinging of the North Atlantic Slave Trade and Colonial, some 400/500 years ago?Oh, there's being some controversial issue over Affirmative Action in Brazil because of this. Whose Black to qualify?
actually, based on evidence from mitochondrial DNA,we’re all descended from a small group of women who lived in Africa about 200,000 years ago. African populations have lived in Africa longer than anybody else has lived anywhere.
As for the rest of it:
Add Health measures the physical attractiveness of its respondents both objectively and subjectively. At the end of each interview, the interviewer rates the physical attractiveness of the respondent objectively on the following five-point scale: 1 = very unattractive, 2 = unattractive, 3 = about average, 4 = attractive, 5 = very attractive. The physical attractiveness of each Add Health respondent is measured three times by three different interviewers over seven years.
What are the “objective” criteria? We talk about culturally determined this, that and the other, but ideals of beauty have got to be completely culturally determined.
Recall that women on average are more physically attractive than men.
To whom? It’s not only racist and sexist, it’s heterosexist as well.
So far, this appears to be garbage. That last quote is totally preposterous — I mean, testosterone?! Are you serious?
You could have stopped at “evolutionary psychologist”Kanazawa is a quack in a quack’s field. And Psychology Today is a steaming pile of horseshit. No one I know in academia or the scientific community takes that rag seriously, largely because of sensationalistic evo psych bullshit like this that it constantly peddles in. This is only one in a long line of comically bad articles it tries to pass off as sound science.
There are a *few* exceptions…There are some psychologists (and neurologists and geneticists) who seem genuinely interested in figuring out how evolution may have played a role in the evolution of human psychology. However, the results they get (basically, that human brains are so flexible and dependent on stimulus, only the most basic and general instincts and urges can be said to result directly from evolutionary pressures, and there isn’t much variation between people in those bits) just aren’t as sexy as the “we can explain everything” crowd’s claims. And so the (rare) legitimate “evolutionary psychologists” spend a small amount of time doing research and a large amount of time trying (futilely) do defuse the bullshit of the rest of the evo-psych crowd.
I’m not clear that we’re disagreeingThere is at least one ancestor that’s common to all of us, and the time from the birth of that ancestor until now (or indeed, allowing for a century or so of error, until our birth) is identical, whether one is a member of a North American population or one of an African population (or, indeed, any human population). The fact that the African’s ancestors may have moved fewer miles away from that ancestor during that time has nothing to do with the current time.
Yes; Kanazawa is making an error that basic – he’s suggesting that Africans are magically frozen genetically compared to other groups – like they never had generations (thus they must be immortal?) or that they never had selective pressure (also a inane suggestion). I’d guess that he’s trying to re-hash his thoroughly discredited Temperature and evolutionary novelty as forces behind the evolution of general intelligence using slightly different language.
I don’t disagree with the rest of your criticism; it’s on point, and if you look at some of the rest of his tripe (which I wouldn’t advise), you’ll find that it gets far worse than this article.
Hmmm… I don’t think that’s quite rightMy apologies; I’m having difficulty understanding Kanazawa’s argument. I think his argument is more that human population’s genetics were magically frozen until the point at which they settled in their particular area.
.
And from then on, they never mixed with Africans.
And somehow, magically, other people with dark skin colors didn’t have their genetics frozen.
It must have been the heat that unfreezes genetics
Yeah, it’s a re-hashing of his work where the Earth is flat.
If Kanazawa’s work is representative of the fieldThis is where a bunch of the modern pseudo-scientific support for racism comes from.
It may be worth looking into this further.
Why does your blood boil?He was known to be a racist clown before.
See PZ Myers’ post for context: I guess even Psychology Today has limits
Not just racismIt’s a hotbed of sexism also. The “men’s rights” crowd loves to troll feminist blogs and websites with evo psych BS. Much of it found in the pages of Psych Today.
BTW, if anyone still wants to see this hot mess of an article, BlackVoices still has it up. Silly Psych Today, the internet is forever!
http://conversations.blackvoic…
Halle Berry, Jennifer Beals and Iman…All got hit with an ugly stick, no doubt about it.
Seriously?! Seriously?!!! This is considered “research”? Even with the best controls – clear definitions of what “race” really constitutes, images of representative people chosen at random, etc. – it is still simply research into social bias, not a measure of objective “attractiveness.” One might be able to discuss continuing racism in our society, or the perception of African-American women as strong (typically a masculine trait) which might lead people down this pathway, but it sure as hell doesn’t have anything to do with genetic mutations. I am very sure the inbreeding among Irish peasants led to more widespread genetic mutations than any length of time in Africa, and somehow the Irish aren’t considered less attractive.
For the record, as a pasty white guy of British extraction (Irish, English and Scottish to be clear – no Welsh here thank you very much), I have always envied people of color because darker skin tends to hide blemishes and age spots better.
If you want to read the articleYou can see it here.
Sexism???They do understand that genetic differences are a pretty tiny percentage of the human genome, don’t they?
Or that the evolutionary history of, say, a (genetic, full) brother and sister are exactly the same?
I guess they must not. I’ll look it up when I have the time.
Attack the Data, Not the PersonWhile I can not speak for the study author’s intent and or bias, I do notice that a lot of the commentary seems to center on calling the author racist and so forth without actually picking apart what their data says and replicating it.
The best way to fight stuff like this is to not hurl insults and names at the authors. Go after their data. Take it a apart. Replicate it. Because until you can come up with data, they can sit their piously on theirs. And yes, I speak from experience as having been one of the people conducting a study attempting to replicate something that came out of a different area of evol psych.
His conclusions don’t follow from his data, which don’t follow from…There’s more than just the supposedly objective idea of “The Data” that can be a problem in a study (or faux study). If the conclusions don’t follow from the data (and here, they don’t — they’re mostly a rehashing of the same tired old racist bullshit), then that’s certainly an error to be attacked. If the procedures are designed to produce data to support a given viewpoint, then that’s another feature — the procedures, not the data — which can and should be challenged. Data are products of a human process of research — the idea that data effectively are the real world enables a lot of bullshit to put up a veneer of reality.
18 years in the magazine biz…And I have been fortunate never to work for a book that would make a descision as bone-headed as their descision to run that.
What an embarrassment.
What the?!For example, because they have existed much longer in human evolutionary history, Africans have more mutations in their genomes than other races.
So, apparently, the idiot thinks that populations outside Africa came into existence de novo, rather than branching off from existing African populations. He’s not quite half right, in that since non-Africans went through a genetic bottleneck when they migrated elsewhere, African populations have higher genetic diversity. However, most of that variation is probably neutral, with no phenotypic effect at all.
Africans on average have higher levels of testosterone than other races
Citation needed. Stormfront doesn’t count.
He’s as obviously racist as it gets.It’s not a case where this fact would be in doubt. Just look at his opinion why Ann Coulter should have become President.
Others have already pointed out that his approach in this study is questionable. And he has a problematic history. Moreover his reasoning about mutations and evolution are simply nonsense.
I wonder if his conclusions were the starting point.
… and there goes my tea.Up my nose.
BWAH!
“Citation needed. Stormfront doesn’t count.”
Thiefing and using, mercilessly
Looking Behind the Curtain is MootHis methodology is moot to most lay people. They have no idea what “validity” and “reliability” mean. By validity I am referring to his measurement(s) actually measuring what he says he is and by reliability I am referring to his ability to get these results consistently. They just see conclusions based on data. It is the same reason people believe being homosexual/transgendered is inherently unhealthy because of higher rates of mood disorders and such. It is that whole if A=B and B=C, therefore A=C thing. Obviously we know that there is another confound at play in that particular scenario (most likely society at-large’s treatment of homosexuals/transgendered).
That is how these people are insidious. They present data and can rationalize it quite well. During my undergrad one of the papers we had to review for an exam was written by J Phillipe Rushton. In it he decried how political correctness was infecting the sciences and how legitimate discussions about races and things was being silenced because they were not PC. One of the papers I read for my undergrad was by him talking about how political correctness was infecting science (which I happen to agree with). Rushton clearly is a racist given some of his public statements (i.e. calling Islam a cultural and genetic problem). However some of his defenders have noted that no one has really come out with data disputing him.
A lay person is not going to really know who these people are, what their personal views are, or what their agendas are. They are going to see “Dr. So-and-So from the University of Such-and-Such has found that…”
Poorly stated.Africans may have more genetic diversity among themselves than other groups who (presumably) started with a far smaller genetic group have among themselves.
But again, that requires declaring that the other groups are distinct from each other and distinct from “all Africans.” But if you pick some other characteristic than skin color and sliced the whole human race up along those lines, you might find the results gave a different answer. For that matter, if you used some other characteristic, like average height, or nose shape, to declare distinct genetic populations, you’d be completely unable to group all Africans together in the first place.
This meansSo this means you share his sentiments and agree with this crap?
There is so much wrong with this……that I’m not sure where to begin.
To all the idiots who think only newly recognized groups of marginalized people are overtly attacked in the media and that “no one would dare” say anything bigoted against “established” minority groups, this article is proof to the contrary.
What were Psychology Today’s editorial people thinking when they okayed this for publication? (And is this in the print edition??)
Why do people in this country, and not only in this country, seem to have an ENDLESS fascination with and affinity for SIMPLE-MINDED biological determinist NONSENSE that most of the time seems to exist to reinforce established prejudices? Why is so much of it blatantly heterosexist? And why is it considered so clever and engaging that it gets a pass even when it’s OBVIOUSLY racist? The gay gene! Dark-skinned lower income young men analogized to hyper-sexual, hyper-violent monkeys! Gay men have brains like straight women’s! All men prefer women whose bodies/personalities/grooming are within parameters that fit easily into heterosexist sex roles and dominant culture stereotypes of attractiveness! All women prefer men who have culturally correct levels of financial and educational attainment. And “we” (biological determinist hack “scientists”) have NO explanation as to why anyone would be attracted to someone of their own gender! Doesn’t anyone besides an apparently small number of people see the pattern of bogusness in all of this?
Gee, I thought that “race” was something that couldn’t be quantified or defined by modern genetic science. So what is this stuff about “Africans” having a higher average level of testosterone? How the hell could anyone determine that, by continent-wide survey?? And isn’t this kind of a statement a HUGE setup for reinforcing racist, heterosexist stereotypes about black women and men?
That this guy already has a rep as a racist yahoo isn’t a shock after reading those excerpts Pam saved from his quickly unavailable article. But if you all could find that out via web search or already knew it, why weren’t people at Psychology cognizant of this? Or did they know and not care?
With so much wrong with this clown and what he’s come up with, I don’t even want to get into his specifics. I’ll stick to what I know, and that’s that I see attractive black women everywhere there are black women. What I don’t see is why black women as a group should have to put up with this kind of psychological warfare. I say make Psychology Today and the racist sexist clown feel the heat for it.
We’re not disagreeing at allKanazawa’s argument is trash, no matter what direction you’re coming from. As for the “African populations” nonsense, it’s just that — nonsense. Genetic mutations are random events — they don’t “accumulate” in a population at different rates depending on whether the population is static or migratory. My point was that it’s a freakin’ continuum — to say that “Africans” have accumulated more mutations because they’re still in Africa is total lunacy. (In fact, the way the 200,000 years figure was arrived at is that the rate of mutation is measurable and can be used as a yardstick — no matter which population you’re working with.)
So much for the “evolutionary” part of Kanazawa’s “discipline” — he doesn’t know anything about evolution, either.
And the few legitimate evo-psychsare going to be focusing on behaviors, not physical characteristics — i.e., sociality as an adaptive trait, and is there a genetic basis?
Already doneby multiple actual scientists. My favorite take-down of one of his papers is:
http://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/evolut…
If you don’t want to read it, it pretty much notes that the Earth isn’t flat.
But really, fundamentally, he seems to believe that correlation is causation – at least for whatever correlations he wants to note. This is a fundamental logical flaw undermining all of his work, including this article.
I’m happy to call anyone who uses racist assumptions with non-scientific methodologies to reach racist conclusions a racist. I consider it descriptive, not an insult in this sort of case.
It’s worth noting in this contextthat the Human Genome Project discovered that the genetic difference between “races” is too small to measure — not terribly surprising when you consider that the genetic difference between chimpanzees and humans is less that 2%.
I think there’s also a more fundamental issue“race” is usually an attempt to break up humans by skin color. The problem is that skin color in populations has little to do with the rest of one’s genome.
Actual genetic relationships are among rather different lines, which have to do with the isolation and movement of populations.
Or from a more authoritative source:
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techre…
DNA studies do not indicate that separate classifiable subspecies (races) exist within modern humans. While different genes for physical traits such as skin and hair color can be identified between individuals, no consistent patterns of genes across the human genome exist to distinguish one race from another. There also is no genetic basis for divisions of human ethnicity. People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other.
No. Read what I SaidI just said I happen to agree with their assertions (and they’re not the only ones making them) that political correctness is infecting science. And actually, no I do not agree with most of Evolutionary Psych. I find much of it to be sexist and racist.
You can call them racist all you want..… and it might be a very accurate description. But it doesn’t matter. Their data still stands. The race/intelligence thing has pretty much been nuked, yes. However that study you link do does not have anything to do with this article.
I feel genuinely sorry for them…How must it feel to try to do legitimate work while screaming hordes of pseudoscientific pretenders keep getting represented in the media as being in your field? The worst part is that the pop-evo-psych claims shouldn’t even need the real evo-psych people do debunk them; they’re such bullshit that if we had functioning science education for anyone but college science majors, nobody would fall for it.
Hmmm…Feel free to attack his article in any manner that you wish. I, however, see no need to attack his data; his conclusions simply aren’t supported by the data – they are mostly from his assumptions, many of which are racist by any definition of the term I’m aware of.
As for the two having nothing to do with each other, I don’t see how else you can interpret “Nor can the race difference in intelligence” – it makes “racial” differences in intelligence an assumption, which is completely nonsensical as there aren’t biological races in the first place.
1) I’m not a Biologist, Psychologist, or even a scientist. I’m an engineer. I have some Biology training, but it was both incomplete, and is now antiquated.
2) His alleged data is from Add Health http://www.cpc.unc.edu/project… which is a database with some public information about it published. Note, however, that he omits the Wave IV data http://www.cpc.unc.edu/project… ; I wonder if it contradicted what he wanted to say.
3) What his alleged data demonstrate is the following:
3.1) Male adolescents are less attractive than female adolescents to 3 particular interviewers.
3.2) Those same interviewers find Black adolescent females slightly less attractive than non-Black adolescent females.
3.3) Black adolescents view themselves to be more attractive compared to how other adolescents view themselves.
Even if all his data were useful, used in a meaningful way, and his undisclosed methodology is the best way to present the data, the most obvious conclusions would be:
1) 3 particular interviewers have particular biases in their grading of attractiveness.
2) Black adolescents in the U.S.A. have a better self-image about themselves than other adolescents in the U.S.A..
Note that of these, the second is by far the more statistically significant result (assuming that his statistics, numbers, and methodology are all useful), and is backed up by other studies.
There is no evidence in this article that:
1) Women are more (or less) attractive than men.
2) People of any particular skin-color or ethnic- based grouping are more or less attractive than people of other skin-color or ethnic-based groupings.
As far as this article is concerned, he posits:
1) There is a “race difference in intelligence”.
2) There is a “positive association between intelligence and physical attractiveness”
3) …”(Africans) have existed much longer in human evolutionary history”
4) “physical attractiveness is a measure of genetic and developmental health”
5) “mutation loads significantly decrease physical attractiveness”
6) “Africans on average have higher levels of testosterone than other races”
This gives him bizarre conclusions like:
“Net of intelligence, black men are significantly more physically attractive than nonblack men.”
As for his statistics, his using unsubscribed Factor Analysis is suspect, but more significantly, where is any description of his methodology (this is important, since even properly-done factor analysis can come to a number of different “conclusions” with the same data set)? It’s entirely absent, as best as I can determine. Without this, any attempt at my analysis of the data to try to replicate his charts from the original data set is doomed to failure (perhaps you can do it – but I can’t).
Now you might argue that many of these posits are backed up by their own articles (by the same author) and that a more rigorous analysis would get into each of them. This is true, but I simply don’t have time in this post. I may do a more detailed take-down later.
That’s why I said “population” instead of “race”And more recent research shows that populations whose ancestors never migrated outside Africa(until historical times, that is) do indeed have more variation:
http://www.voanews.com/english…
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sci…
http://www.annualreviews.org/d…
http://scienceblogs.com/notroc…
http://www.sciencedaily.com/re…
There’s no “may” or “presumably” about it.It’s objectively true. The only thing I stated poorly was not putting “sub-Saharan” in front of “African”, as most north Africans have recent eurasian ancestry. I don’t recall mentioning skin color at all.
No, the problem is not the dataThe problem IS the person.
His claims fail right off the bat, in that defining “race” scientifically is not possible, and “attractiveness” is hardly objective.
Furthermore, he misuses the data. Since he has a PhD, and is not some high school student, it follows that that misuse of data is not accidental, but rather, deliberate.
Define what race is scientifically. How many races are there, in total? Enumerate them.
Note, you are not allowed to use cultural definitions.
This is why people do not bother to come out with data refuting Rushton et al. They are talking pseudo-scientific bullshit.
And refuting them with data is pointless: each time racist pseudo-scientific bullshit like this is spewed, and refuted, it doesn’t go away. It just resurfaces under various guises some time later. See the stereotypes about “black” men, and penis size, or about “black” men and sport viz muscle fibre type, or about “Asians” and math; etc ad infinitum.
The issue here isn’t that PC is repressing science. It is that people will hide behind pseudo-scientific bullshit to justify their racist views.
This article has also been taken apartscientifically, by various people.
And no, the data doesn’t stand, since he has deliberately misinterpreted it: lies, damn lies, statistics.
I don’t think we’re disagreeingI read all the articles save the paper behind a paywall.
Thanks; I hadn’t read about some of the referenced studies before.